Manganese is a mineral that is required in small amounts in the human body to manufacture enzymes necessary for the metabolism of proteins and fats. A partial list of manganese-dependent enzyme families includes oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases. Manganese is involved in the function of numerous organ systems and is needed for normal immune function, regulation of blood sugars, production of cellular energy, reproduction, digestion, and bone growth. Manganese works with vitamin K to support clotting of the blood. As a vital component of superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese has important antioxidant properties since manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD) is one of the body's main front-line defense mechanisms against damaging free radicals. The National Research Council has recommended an Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake (ESADDI) for Mn of 2 to 5 mg per day for adults.
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