Background | Name | Sources | Uses | Substitutes and Alternative Sources
Vanadium: Used in metal alloys, important in the production of aerospace titanium alloys, as a catalyst for production of maleic anhydride and sulfuric acid, in dyes and mordants, as target material for X-rays. Russia and South Africa are the world’s largest producers of vanadium. Large reserves are also found in the U.S., Canada, and China. The sample photo is vanadinite, an ore of vanadium and lead.