ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) is a type of
mass spectrometry that is highly sensitive and capable of simultaneous determination of a range of elements at below one part in 10
12. It is based on coupling together an
inductively coupled plasma as an ion source with a mass spectrometer as a detection system for ions.
The ions generated within the plasma at atmospheric pressure are extracted through a series of cones into the vacuum chamber of a mass spectrometer, usually a quadrupole. Other mass analyzers coupled to ICP systems include double focusing magnetic-electric sector systems with both single and multiple collector, as well as time-of-flight (TOF) systems (both with axial and orthogonal accelerators). In any case the ions are separated on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio and a detector receives an ion signal proportional to the concentration.
The concentration of a sample can be determined through calibration with elemental standards (external calibration). Accuracy and precision can be enhanced by using
internal standards and rationing the measurements against these. ICP-MS also lends itself to quantitative determinations through
isotope dilution analysis, a single point method based on an isotopically enriched standard.
